Hibernate One To Many Annotation tutorial

by · December 8, 2011

Welcome to the Hibernate Tutorial Series. In previous tutorial we saw how to implement One to Many relationship using XML mapping. In this tutorial we will modify the source code from previous One To Many XML mapping tutorial and add JPA/Annotation support to it.

1. Database Setup

one-to-many-relationship-diagram

For this example, we will use MySQL database. Create following two tables in MySQL. Note that Employee and Department table exhibits One-to-many relationship. Each Department can be associated with multiple Employees and each Employee can have only one Department.

CREATE TABLE `department` (
	`department_id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
	`dept_name` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
	PRIMARY KEY (`department_id`)
)
COLLATE='latin1_swedish_ci'
ENGINE=InnoDB
ROW_FORMAT=DEFAULT
AUTO_INCREMENT=115



CREATE TABLE `employee` (
	`employee_id` BIGINT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
	`firstname` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
	`lastname` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
	`birth_date` DATE NULL DEFAULT NULL,
	`cell_phone` VARCHAR(15) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
	`department_id` BIGINT(20) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
	PRIMARY KEY (`employee_id`),
	INDEX `FK_DEPT` (`department_id`),
	CONSTRAINT `FK_DEPT` FOREIGN KEY (`department_id`) REFERENCES `department` (`department_id`)
)
COLLATE='latin1_swedish_ci'
ENGINE=InnoDB
ROW_FORMAT=DEFAULT

Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

2. Project Setup

Download the source code: Hibernate-one-to-many-set-example.zip (9 KB) and import the project in Eclipse. We will update the source code.

3. Update Maven Dependency

File: pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>HibernateCache</groupId>
  <artifactId>HibernateCache</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <description></description>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
      <artifactId>ejb3-persistence</artifactId>
      <version>1.0.1.GA</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-annotations</artifactId>
      <version>3.3.1.GA</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.10</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

Code language: HTML, XML (xml)

3. Remove Hibernate Mapping (hbm) Files

We are not going to use hibernate mapping files or hbm files as we will map the model using Java 5 Annotations. Delete the files employee.hbm.xml and department.hbm.xml.

4. Update Hibernate Model Class

File: Employee.java

package net.viralpatel.hibernate;

import java.sql.Date;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;


@Entity
@Table(name="EMPLOYEE")
public class Employee {

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue
	@Column(name="employee_id")
	private Long employeeId;
	
	@Column(name="firstname")
	private String firstname;
	
	@Column(name="lastname")
	private String lastname;
	
	@Column(name="birth_date")
	private Date birthDate;
	
	@Column(name="cell_phone")
	private String cellphone;

	@ManyToOne
	@JoinColumn(name="department_id")
	private Department department;
	
	public Employee() {
		
	}
	
	public Employee(String firstname, String lastname, String phone) {
		this.firstname = firstname;
		this.lastname = lastname;
		this.birthDate = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
		this.cellphone = phone;
	}

	// Getter and Setter methods
}

Code language: Java (java)

@ManyToOne annotation defines a single-valued association to another entity class that has many-to-one multiplicity. It is not normally necessary to specify the target entity explicitly since it can usually be inferred from the type of the object being referenced.

@JoinColumn is used to specify a mapped column for joining an entity association.

File: Department.java

package net.viralpatel.hibernate;

import java.util.Set;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name="DEPARTMENT")
public class Department {

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue
	@Column(name="DEPARTMENT_ID")
	private Long departmentId;
	
	@Column(name="DEPT_NAME")
	private String departmentName;
	
	@OneToMany(mappedBy="department")
	private Set<Employee> employees;

	// Getter and Setter methods
}

Code language: Java (java)

@OneToMany annotation defines a many-valued association with one-to-many multiplicity.
If the collection is defined using generics to specify the element type, the associated target entity type need not be specified; otherwise the target entity class must be specified.

The association may be bidirectional. In a bidirectional relationship, one of the sides (and only one) has to be the owner: the owner is responsible for the association column(s) update. To declare a side as not responsible for the relationship, the attribute mappedBy is used. mappedBy refers to the property name of the association on the owner side. In our case, this is passport. As you can see, you don’t have to (must not) declare the join column since it has already been declared on the owners side.

5. Update Hibernate Configuration File

File: hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
 
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <!-- Database connection settings -->
        <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/tutorial</property>
        <property name="connection.username">root</property>
        <property name="connection.password"></property>
        
        <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property>
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
        <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
        <property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</property>
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">validate</property>
 
	<mapping class="net.viralpatel.hibernate.Department"/>
	<mapping class="net.viralpatel.hibernate.Employee"/>
 		 
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

Code language: HTML, XML (xml)

6. Review Project Structure

Once all the source files are in place, the project structure should looks like below:

7. Execute example

Execute following Main.java file which will create one Department and two Employees.

File: Main.java

package net.viralpatel.hibernate;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;

public class Main {

	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public static void main(String[] args) {

		SessionFactory sf = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
		Session session = sf.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();

		Department department = new Department();
		department.setDepartmentName("Sales");
		session.save(department);
		
		Employee emp1 = new Employee("Nina", "Mayers", "111");
		Employee emp2 = new Employee("Tony", "Almeida", "222");

		emp1.setDepartment(department);
		emp2.setDepartment(department);
		
		session.save(emp1);
		session.save(emp2);

		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
	}
}

Code language: Java (java)

Output:

Hibernate: insert into DEPARTMENT (DEPT_NAME) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into EMPLOYEE (firstname, lastname, birth_date, cell_phone, department_id) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into EMPLOYEE (firstname, lastname, birth_date, cell_phone, department_id) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)

Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Thus we saw in above example how to implement One to Many relationship in Hibernate using Annotation. Also we used java.util.Set for our example.

8. One- To Many Bi-directional Indexed mapping

Above example was pretty straightforward. We mapped multiple employees with a department. For this we used java.lang.Set. But the order in which the employees are mapped with department is not conserved. What if you have a requirement where you want to preserve order for entities that you save.

We can use java.util.List to map ordered entities. For this first we will need to add a column IDX in Employee table which will store the index value.

8.1 Modify Employee table

CREATE TABLE `employee` (
	`employee_id` BIGINT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
	`firstname` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
	`lastname` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
	`birth_date` DATE NULL DEFAULT NULL,
	`cell_phone` VARCHAR(15) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
	`department_id` BIGINT(20) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
	`idx` INT(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
	PRIMARY KEY (`employee_id`),
	INDEX `FK_DEPT` (`department_id`),
	CONSTRAINT `FK_DEPT` FOREIGN KEY (`department_id`) REFERENCES `department` (`department_id`)
)
COLLATE='latin1_swedish_ci'
ENGINE=InnoDB
ROW_FORMAT=DEFAULT
AUTO_INCREMENT=33

Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

8.2 Modify Hibernate Model classes

Update Employee.java and Department.java model classes and add the list support. Also note that we are changing the annotations.

File: Department.java

package net.viralpatel.hibernate;

import java.util.List;

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;
import javax.persistence.Table;

import org.hibernate.annotations.IndexColumn;

@Entity
@Table(name="DEPARTMENT")
public class Department {

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue
	@Column(name="DEPARTMENT_ID")
	private Long departmentId;
	
	@Column(name="DEPT_NAME")
	private String departmentName;
	
	@OneToMany(cascade={CascadeType.ALL})
	@JoinColumn(name="department_id")
	@IndexColumn(name="idx")
	private List<Employee> employees;

	// Getter and Setter methods
}

Code language: Java (java)

Note that in Department entity class, we removed mappedBy clause from @OneToMany. This mark Department as the relationship owner and make it responsible to update foriegn keys and index values.

Also we specified index coulmn using @IndexColumn annotation to specify which column in Employee table we would like to store index in.

File: Employee.java

package net.viralpatel.hibernate;

import java.sql.Date;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;
import javax.persistence.Table;


@Entity
@Table(name="EMPLOYEE")
public class Employee {

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue
	@Column(name="employee_id")
	private Long employeeId;
	
	@Column(name="firstname")
	private String firstname;
	
	@Column(name="lastname")
	private String lastname;
	
	@Column(name="birth_date")
	private Date birthDate;
	
	@Column(name="cell_phone")
	private String cellphone;

	@ManyToOne
	@JoinColumn(name="department_id", 
				insertable=false, updatable=false, 
				nullable=false)
	private Department department;
	
	public Employee() {
		
	}
	
	public Employee(String firstname, String lastname, String phone) {
		this.firstname = firstname;
		this.lastname = lastname;
		this.birthDate = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
		this.cellphone = phone;
	}

	// Getter and Setter methods
}	

Code language: Java (java)

8.3 Execute List example

File: Department.java

package net.viralpatel.hibernate;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;

public class Main {

	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public static void main(String[] args) {

		SessionFactory sf = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
		Session session = sf.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		
		Department department = new Department();
		department.setDepartmentName("Sales");

		Employee emp1 = new Employee("Nina", "Mayers", "111");
		Employee emp2 = new Employee("Tony", "Almeida", "222");
		
		department.setEmployees(new ArrayList<Employee>());
		department.getEmployees().add(emp1);
		department.getEmployees().add(emp2);
		
		session.save(department);

		session.getTransaction().commit();
		session.close();
	}
}

Code language: Java (java)

Output:

Hibernate: insert into DEPARTMENT (DEPT_NAME) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into EMPLOYEE (birth_date, cell_phone, firstname, lastname) values (?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into EMPLOYEE (birth_date, cell_phone, firstname, lastname) values (?, ?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: update EMPLOYEE set department_id=?, idx=? where employee_id=?
Hibernate: update EMPLOYEE set department_id=?, idx=? where employee_id=?

Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)
one-to-many-list-result

Download Source Code

Hibernate-One-To-Many-Annotation-Set.zip (8 KB)
Hibernate-One-To-Many-Annotation-List.zip (8 KB)

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81 Comments

  1. Amine says:
    5 March, 2012, 1:55  

    Just landed on your tutorials and they look very detailed interesting …
    Will start following them in the next days (weeks) … thank you for your efforts =))

    Reply
  2. Raymond Antony says:
    19 March, 2012, 18:10  

    Very detailed and simple to understand

    Reply
    • amedlous says:
      6 July, 2012, 16:48  

      yes that’s right

      Reply
  3. Joshua Jacobson says:
    22 March, 2012, 22:15  

    Please share the Department.setEmployees() method. Without that, I don’t see a way for an Employee to know what to which Department it belongs. I’m assuming that the method will look like this:

    public void setEmployees(Set employees) {
  for( Employee e : employees ) {
    e.setDepartment(this);
    this.employee = e;
  }
}

    Reply
    • Anuj says:
      19 December, 2017, 8:32  

      This is convience method is it necessary in this senario ?

      Reply
  4. Shirish says:
    9 April, 2012, 20:05  

    Hi Viral,

    First of all, Thanks for detail tutorial. Can you please add samples to retrieve information from DB with varoius cases one-one, one-many, Many-one.

    Thanks

    Reply
  5. Mandar says:
    5 May, 2012, 11:16  

    Plz some one tell me How i use one to many mapping in hibernate for creation of three tables.
    1.discussion(discId,queId,ansId)
    2.question(queId,question,postdate)
    3.answer(ansId,answer,postDate)

    Thanks in advance

    Plz rply its argent

    Reply
  6. Mandar says:
    8 May, 2012, 11:43  

    when using this code in dynamic project of struts2 i get following error..
    :-
    Could not determine type for: java.util.Set, at table: UserDetails, for columns: [org.hibernate.mapping.Column(questionSet)]

    Reply
    • Viral Patel says:
      8 May, 2012, 11:53  

      Hi Mandar,
      Are you using field access strategy for annotating your entity properties? i.e. Are you adding annotations on class fields or to getter methods?

      //Field access strategy
@Id
private String id;

//Property access strategy
@Id
public String getId();

      Check if you using only one access strategy and not mixing up both.

      Reply
  7. VINAYAK says:
    11 May, 2012, 9:58  

    HI,

    The example are very help full for learning new technology in java.I m following and it is very understanding .I need front end design of screen with back end data using GWT .It is my humble request to send me tutorial of gwt using hibernate frame work

    Reply
    • Viral Patel says:
      11 May, 2012, 12:25  

      Thanks Vinayak. I have not written tutorial on GWT with Hibernate, but I hope to write soon. Please subscribe for articles via email so you don’t miss any future tutorials.

      Reply
      • chennareddy says:
        21 January, 2013, 11:18  

        Hi viral,It s nice tutorial.please give this examples using webapplication then it uses

        Reply
  8. Sumik Basu says:
    11 May, 2012, 12:35  

    Very useful examples. Please provide some more examples if possible.

    Reply
  9. Rajesh Kumar says:
    14 May, 2012, 20:41  

    Hi Viral, Thanks for detailed explanation….Can we do this mapping with a single entity class using @SecondaryTable.
    (NOTE: I need both primary keys to be inserted using the single entity class itself )

    Reply
  10. Asad says:
    26 June, 2012, 16:21  

    department_employee table is also generated without any data please explain this and why the content is null ??

    Reply
  11. Rahul says:
    7 July, 2012, 21:51  

    Hello Viral,
    Thanks a lot for such a work. You deserve accolades. I have one question. When I run above example, the table and data get populated, However, when I run it next time, I expect the data should be inserted one more time and not update. I have done the required changes into the hibernate file. Please help. I am using MySQL with autoincrement as ID.

    Thanks in advance.

    Reply
  12. Muhammad Shuaib Shaikh says:
    11 July, 2012, 23:09  

    Excellent website I ever found self explanatory ,good work keep it up .Thanks

    Reply
  13. Wind says:
    16 July, 2012, 11:05  

    Hi all,

    In the above example both the colum names are used as “department_id” . All I want to know illustrate an example where the column names are different but still primary and foreign key mapping exists.
    OR
    Is it mandatory to maintain same name for such colums?

    Reply
  14. Er cabesa says:
    28 July, 2012, 2:42  

    Thanks for the article :)

    Reply
  15. Raj says:
    17 August, 2012, 9:53  

    For the One- To Many Bi-directional Indexed mapping, I’m having real difficulties in implementing delete such that when I delete an employee from the department, he should be deleted from the table too.

    Reply
  16. Raj says:
    17 August, 2012, 9:54  

    I’ve come across this solution : http://dinukaroshan.blogspot.com/2011/09/hibernate-by-example-part-1-orphan.html but I’m still looking for a solution which doesn’t need a join table.

    Reply
  17. khaing phyo says:
    31 August, 2012, 11:01  

    hi all ..
    I want to know how to run this sample…
    I do Run Java application and then appear the Select Java Application box ..
    I don’t know which one I choose ..
    so I need help .. :(
    pls reply for me..

    Reply
  18. Mingtao says:
    25 September, 2012, 8:39  

    Hi Viral,

    In the One- To Many Bi-directional Indexed mapping section, the annotation on department, @JoinColumn(name=”department_id”, insertable=false, updatable=false, nullable=false).

    I think ‘nullable=false’ should be removed. It works in your example because the db schema has already been generated. Should the db schema automatically be generated by Hibernate, it would cause a ConstraintViolation Exception.

    Reply
  19. Murthy says:
    26 September, 2012, 1:31  

    Hi Viral,

    I have a same application but different tables. I am fetching the data using left join.
    Query query = session.createQuery(“FROM DrugList as p LEFT JOIN p.vers c WHERE p.drugListKey=’1′”);
    DrugList drugList = (DrugList) query.uniqueResult();

    I am getting the below exception.

    SEVERE: Servlet.service() for servlet [dispatcher] in context with path [/CampaignManagementWorkstation] threw exception [Request processing failed; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: ORA-00904: “VERS1_”.”DRUGLISTKEY”: invalid identifier
    ] with root cause
    java.sql.SQLException: ORA-00904: “VERS1_”.”DRUGLISTKEY”: invalid identifier

    The query generated from Hibernate is: Hibernate: select druglist0_.drug_list_key as drug1_0_0_, vers1_.drug_list_version_key as drug1_1_1_, druglist0_.channel_type as channel2_0_0_, druglist0_.description as descript3_0_0_, druglist0_.drug_list_id as drug4_0_0_, druglist0_.EFF_DATE as EFF5_0_0_, druglist0_.enter_date as enter6_0_0_, druglist0_.entered_by as entered7_0_0_, druglist0_.EXP_DATE as EXP8_0_0_, druglist0_.last_update_date as last9_0_0_, druglist0_.last_updated_by as last10_0_0_, druglist0_.type_id as type11_0_0_, vers1_.drugListKey as drugList3_1_1_, vers1_.version_number as version2_1_1_ from CWS_DRUG_LIST druglist0_ left outer join cws_drug_list_version vers1_ on druglist0_.drug_list_key=vers1_.drugListKey where druglist0_.drug_list_key=4

    The Java Bean classes are

    @Entity
@Table(name = "CWS_DRUG_LIST")
public class DrugList implements Serializable {
	
	@Id
	@Column(name="drug_list_key")	
	private String drugListKey;
	
	@Column(name="drug_list_id")	
	private String drugListId;
	
	@Column(name = "description")	
	private String description;
	
	@Column(name = "type_id")
	private String typeId;
	
	@Column(name = "channel_type")
	private String channelType;
	
	@Column(name = "enter_date")
	private Date enterDate;
	
	@Column(name = "last_update_date")
	private Date lastUpdateDate;	
	
	@Column(name = "entered_by")
	private String enteredBy;
	
	@Column(name = "last_updated_by")
	private String lastUpdatedBy;
	
	@Column(name = "EFF_DATE")
	private Date effDate;
	
	@Column(name = "EXP_DATE")
	private Date expDate;
	
	@OneToMany(mappedBy="drugList") 
	private Set vers;

//Setters and Getters.
}

@Entity
@Table(name = "cws_drug_list_version")
public class DrugListVersion implements Serializable {
	
	@Id
	@Column(name = "drug_list_version_key")
	private String drugListVersionKey;
	
	@Column(name = "version_number")
	private String versionNumber;
	
	@ManyToOne
	@JoinColumn(name="drugListKey")
	private DrugList drugList;
	
	public DrugListVersion(){		
	}
	
	public DrugListVersion(String drugListVersionKey, String versionNumber){
		this.drugListVersionKey = drugListVersionKey;
		this.versionNumber = versionNumber;
	}
//Setters and Getters
}


    I would appreciate your reply asap.

    Thanks

    Reply
  20. sravan says:
    3 October, 2012, 16:02  

    hi,
    i want to know what is the use of Indexcolumn annoatation ,Orderby, NaturalId annotations in hibernate.

    please help me.
    waiting for ur reply…

    Reply
  21. Rick Dexter says:
    23 November, 2012, 18:55  

    I really like this series. Appreciated.

    However, for my situation, this example did not work, because fields insertable, updatable and nullable are given, all with value false. In my situation, the following worked:

    @ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name="department_id")

    Keep up the good work!

    Reply
  22. Mark says:
    4 December, 2012, 4:24  

    @JoinColumn(name=”department_id”)

    Ha! The missing ingredient to my test mapping, I kept getting an error telling me a column didn’t exist, adding this (or @JoinColumn(name=”user_id”) for me) sorted it.
    Funny no other demo seems to use this annotation.

    Cheers for the great and detailed demo.

    Reply
  23. Rajpal Singh says:
    31 December, 2012, 17:29  

    Awesome tutorial.:)

    Reply
  24. Argan says:
    4 January, 2013, 12:37  

    this very usefull for me, i’ll keep learn from this blog
    thanks.,

    Reply
  25. Maria Kumar says:
    22 January, 2013, 15:12  

    Hi,

    I have downloaded and used your code for annotation of one to many relationship. but I got the following error while persisting the department object.

    15:11:01,559 ERROR SqlExceptionHelper:144 – Field ‘department_id’ doesn’t have a default value.

    I have modified the generated value as below:

    @Id
	@GeneratedValue(generator = "system-uuid")
	@GenericGenerator(name = "system-uuid", strategy = "uuid")	
	@Column(name="department_id")
	private String departmentId;


    Could you guide me how to resolve this problem.

    I am using MySQL 5.5 as db.

    Thanks,
    Maria.

    Reply
  26. Nihal says:
    30 January, 2013, 17:11  

    Getting an error. Kindly see what may be the possible cause –

    log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.Version).
    log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
    Exception in thread “main” java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
    at com.hk.hibernate.OneToMany.OneToManyMain.main(OneToManyMain.java:14)
    Caused by: org.hibernate.AnnotationException: @OneToOne or @ManyToOne on com.hk.hibernate.OneToMany.Employee.dept references an unknown entity: com.hk.hibernate.OneToMany.Department
    at org.hibernate.cfg.FkSecondPass.doSecondPass(FkSecondPass.java:56)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration.processFkSecondPassInOrder(AnnotationConfiguration.java:428)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration.secondPassCompile(AnnotationConfiguration.java:286)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:1283)
    at com.hk.hibernate.basic.HibernateUtil.(HibernateUtil.java:17)
    … 1 more

    Reply
  27. suneetha says:
    28 March, 2013, 15:40  

    Please put a simple Example using hibernet with annotation using Netbeans.

    I am New to Hibernet.

    Reply
  28. CherryCharan says:
    10 April, 2013, 17:24  

    Hi Viral,
    I appreciate the effort you put in writing these examples, thanks for that.
    Coming to your example on OneToMany association in hibernate
    for the same example can you show how to use a @JoinTable with emply_id and dept_id columns.

    Also which method is efficient in case of OneToMany association
    1. To use Two tables (as in your example)
    2. To use a third table which is a cross reference from employee and department having emp_id and dept_id.

    Reply
  29. CherryCharan says:
    16 April, 2013, 15:15  

    Hi Viral,
    I am designing a hospital management system where I have the following entities and tables
    1. Doctor
    2. Specialization

    The Specialization table contains master data.

    One doctor can be specialized in many, so I have a @OneToMany association of Specialization in Doctor entity, it is a unidirectional association and Specialization will not contain Doctor entity

    So for mapping doctor to specializations I have created third table doctor_specializations.

    In case I want to delete a specialization from database how should I do
    1. First delete all the rows from the table doctor_specializations and finally delete in the table specialization.
    2. Is there any way that removes all the associated rows from database when I just remove a row in specialization.

    Also suggest the better designing for the above if it is not good.

    Reply
  30. vinod patel says:
    29 April, 2013, 11:37  

    hii Viral, could u plz provide any project related to Hibernate and struts 1.2 ..

    Reply
  31. PardeepBhasin says:
    2 June, 2013, 20:02  

    Sir I am new in hibernate.Plz post one example with struts2+hibernate one to many mapping demo…..This type of example is not in anywahere plz post it..
    Regards Pardeep

    Reply
  32. Jeevan Reddy Mankari says:
    17 June, 2013, 12:12  

    In any application, there will be employees already present how to deal with this situation. Here in this example you are creating a new object every time.

    Reply
  33. Alex says:
    18 June, 2013, 20:24  

    Thats great post Viral,

    How can I implement the HQL for this example ?

    thanks

    Reply
  34. abhi says:
    3 July, 2013, 16:52  

    In my case it is working only if i am adding below lines in main program:

    emp1.setDepartment(department); // Required to save department id in employee table
    emp2.setDepartment(department);
    session.save(emp1); // Required to save recoed in employee table
    session.save(emp2);
    Kindly let me know if it was missed or it should work only with session.save(department);. As department has reference of employee objects.

    If I am adding above lines Records get saved only in department table.

    Reply
  35. Ryms says:
    6 July, 2013, 0:33  

    Very good examples
    Thank you..

    Reply
  36. Greg says:
    22 July, 2013, 10:52  

    Really enjoyed your examples. Very easy to follow.

    Thank you very much for your effort.

    Reply
  37. john says:
    26 July, 2013, 1:08  

    am new to thiss…

    INFO: Bind entity net.viralpatel.hibernate.Employee on table EMPLOYEE
    Initial SessionFactory creation failed.java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.hibernate.cfg.SecondPass.doSecondPass(Ljava/util/Map;)V
    Exception in thread “main” java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
    at net.viralpatel.hibernate.HibernateUtil.buildSessionFactory(HibernateUtil.java:18)
    at net.viralpatel.hibernate.HibernateUtil.(HibernateUtil.java:8)
    at net.viralpatel.hibernate.Main.main(Main.java:13)
    Caused by: java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.hibernate.cfg.SecondPass.doSecondPass(Ljava/util/Map;)V
    at org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration.processFkSecondPassInOrder(AnnotationConfiguration.java:499)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration.secondPassCompile(AnnotationConfiguration.java:304)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:1205)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration.buildSessionFactory(AnnotationConfiguration.java:859)
    at net.viralpatel.hibernate.HibernateUtil.buildSessionFactory(HibernateUtil.java:15)
    … 2 more

    Reply
  38. Rakesh says:
    1 August, 2013, 15:02  

    log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.hibernate.type.BasicTypeRegistry).
    log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
    Initial SessionFactory creation failed.org.hibernate.HibernateException: Missing column: dept_name in RBI.DEPARTMENT
    Exception in thread “main” java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
    at net.viralpatel.hibernate.HibernateUtil.buildSessionFactory(HibernateUtil.java:16)
    at net.viralpatel.hibernate.HibernateUtil.(HibernateUtil.java:8)
    at net.viralpatel.hibernate.Main.main(Main.java:10)
    Caused by: org.hibernate.HibernateException: Missing column: dept_name in RBI.DEPARTMENT
    at org.hibernate.mapping.Table.validateColumns(Table.java:276)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.validateSchema(Configuration.java:1343)
    at org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaValidator.validate(SchemaValidator.java:139)
    at org.hibernate.impl.SessionFactoryImpl.(SessionFactoryImpl.java:378)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:1872)
    at net.viralpatel.hibernate.HibernateUtil.buildSessionFactory(HibernateUtil.java:13)
    … 2 more

    Reply
  39. Senthil Muthiah says:
    23 September, 2013, 8:40  

    Hi

    Can you please help me in
    http://stackoverflow.com/questions/18895585/hibernate-version-annotation-and-object-references-an-unsaved-transient-instanc

    Reply
  40. raj says:
    8 October, 2013, 17:35  

    hi viral,

    how to fetch data from multiple table using hibernate select clause in Struts2 + hibernate framework ??
    As well as how to display in jsp page using iterator tag??

    Reply
  41. abhishek says:
    23 October, 2013, 17:54  

    hi when i use session.update so instead of getting updated a new row is getting added , i want the existing row to get updated

    Reply
  42. Praveen says:
    26 October, 2013, 0:31  

    It was really helpful….aewsome and simple….

    Reply
  43. Praveen says:
    30 October, 2013, 1:47  

    I used same annotation in my project for manytoone mapping. I have exisitng entry for department andthen trying to enter employee but it through folowwing error

    org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException: Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (constraint)

    and

    Caused by: com.mysql.jdbc.exceptions.jdbc4.MySQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException: Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails( Constraint)

    Please help if posible

    Reply
  44. satbir singh says:
    1 November, 2013, 7:43  

    hi i am getting error for similar example
    Oct 31, 2013 7:09:38 PM org.hibernate.annotations.common.Version
    INFO: HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {4.0.2.Final}
    Oct 31, 2013 7:09:38 PM org.hibernate.Version logVersion
    Oct 31, 2013 7:09:39 PM org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration doConfigure
    INFO: HHH000041: Configured SessionFactory: null
    four
    Oct 31, 2013 7:09:39 PM org.hibernate.service.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl configure
    WARN: SQL Error: 515, SQLState: 23000
    Oct 31, 2013 7:09:40 PM org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper logExceptions
    ERROR: Cannot insert the value NULL into column ‘SVR_ID’, table ‘Service.dbo.SERVICE_REQUESTS’; column does not allow nulls. INSERT fails.
    Exception in thread “main” org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException: could not execute statement
    at org.hibernate.exception.internal.SQLStateConversionDelegate.convert(SQLStateConversionDelegate.java:129)
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.save(SessionImpl.java:752)
    at com.modal.demo.main(demo.java:32)
    Caused by: com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException: Cannot insert the value NULL into column ‘SVR_ID’, table ‘Service.dbo.SERVICE_REQUESTS’; column does not allow nulls. INSERT fails.
    at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException.makeFromDatabaseError(SQLServerException.java:216)

    Reply
    • Viral Patel says:
      1 November, 2013, 11:12  

      Hi, Check your table SERVICE_REQUESTS. I guess the SVR_ID is primary key and while inserting values in this table hibernate did not generate one and hence the error. Check if you have correctly configured @GeneratedValue with svrId column in your model.

      Reply
  45. satbir singh says:
    1 November, 2013, 13:12  

    package com.modal;

	import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;


import javax.persistence.CascadeType;
import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.JoinColumn;
import javax.persistence.OneToMany;

import org.hibernate.annotations.Columns;
import org.hibernate.annotations.Generated;
import org.hibernate.annotations.IndexColumn;
import org.hibernate.annotations.Table;

	
	@Entity
	public class AddUser {
		@Id
		@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
		@Column (name="USER_ID")
		private int UserId;
		@Column (name="USER_ROLE") 
	    private String UserRole;	
		@Column(name="EMAIL") 
		private String Email;
//		@OneToMany(cascade={CascadeType.ALL})
//	    @JoinColumn(name="AssignedTo")
//	    
//	   private List<ServiceRequests> servicerequests;
		@OneToMany(cascade={CascadeType.ALL})
	    @JoinColumn(name="USER_ID")
	    @IndexColumn(name="idx")    
    private List<ServiceRequests> servicerequests;

		
	
		public List<ServiceRequests> getServicerequests() {
			return servicerequests;
		}
		public void setServicerequests(List<ServiceRequests> servicerequests) {
			this.servicerequests = servicerequests;
		}
		public int getUserId() {
			return UserId;
		}
		public void setUserId(int userId) {
			UserId = userId;
		}
		public String getUserRole() {
			return UserRole;
		}
		public void setUserRole(String userRole) {
			UserRole = userRole;
		}
		public String getEmail() {
			return Email;
		}
		public void setEmail(String email) {
			Email = email;
		}
		public String getFirstName() {
			return FirstName;
		}
		public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
			FirstName = firstName;
		}
		public String getLastName() {
			return LastName;
		}
		public void setLastName(String lastName) {
			LastName = lastName;
		}
		public String getStreetAddress() {
			return StreetAddress;
		}
		public void setStreetAddress(String streetAddress) {
			StreetAddress = streetAddress;
		}
		public String getProvince() {
			return Province;
		}
		public void setProvince(String province) {
			Province = province;
		}
		public String getPostalCode() {
			return PostalCode;
		}
		public void setPostalCode(String postalCode) {
			PostalCode = postalCode;
		}
		public String getCountryId() {
			return CountryId;
		}
		public void setCountryId(String countryId) {
			CountryId = countryId;
		}
		@Column(name="FIRST_NAME")
		private String FirstName;
		@Column(name="LAST_NAME")
		private String LastName;
		
		 @Column(name="STREET_ADDRESS")
		 private String StreetAddress;
		@Column(name="STATE_PROVINCE")
		private String Province;
		@Column(name="POSTAL_CODE")
		private String PostalCode;
		@Column(name="COUNTRY_ID") 
		private String CountryId;

	}

main class:

package com.modal;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;

public class demo {
	public static void main(String a[])
	{
		SessionFactory sf;
		Configuration configuration = new AnnotationConfiguration();
	    configuration.configure();
	    System.out.println("four");
	    //serviceRegistry = new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();        
	    sf = configuration.buildSessionFactory(new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry());
		Session s= sf.openSession();
		s.beginTransaction();
		
		   AddUser user=new AddUser();
		   user.setFirstName("satbir");
		   ServiceRequests rs= new ServiceRequests();
		   ServiceRequests rs1= new ServiceRequests();
		   rs.setNotes("goog job");
		   rs1.setNotes("bad job");
			  
		   user.setServicerequests(new ArrayList<ServiceRequests>());
		  
		   user.getServicerequests().add(rs);
		   user.getServicerequests().add(rs1);
			  
		  s.update(user);
		
		
		
		
		s.getTransaction().commit();
	}

}

    Reply
  46. CK says:
    18 November, 2013, 7:02  

    Thanks for the cool tutorial post.

    Reply
  47. Namratha says:
    30 December, 2013, 0:30  

    very well explained.. !! thanks

    Reply
  48. Marc says:
    24 February, 2014, 2:38  

    Thank you very much for the tutorial! It worked well, altough I had to change “Column” to “JoinColumn” at manyToOne for department.

    Reply
  49. swapnil autade says:
    4 March, 2014, 10:51  

    hi viral,
    thank for tutorial,
    but in select query join columns are coming and it giving me error

    Reply
  50. Suraj says:
    15 April, 2014, 15:48  

    How to insert values of two different table into another table….please help..using struts-2 hibernate mapping.

    Reply
  51. suresh says:
    29 May, 2014, 22:38  

    Smallestsweetest exaple ine the world love u sir

    Reply
  52. Salim says:
    8 July, 2014, 12:47  

    Hi Viral and all,

    can someone please resolve my problem of mapping one to many relationship between a primary key and a composite key.
    http://stackoverflow.com/questions/24609861/hibernate-mapping-one-to-many-relation-ship-between-primary-key-and-composite-ke

    Reply
  53. zeinab says:
    16 July, 2014, 16:28  

    ur post saved my day,
    thank u

    Reply
  54. swekha says:
    18 September, 2014, 23:18  

    what is the use of mappedby??if we will not specify then what will happen???

    Reply
    • Siddesh says:
      17 December, 2014, 11:32  

      read this:
      http://viralpatel.net/hibernate-many-to-many-annotation-mapping-tutorial/

      “EMPLOYEE_MEETING” separate table has been created. If we wont specify “mappedBy”, the another table will create with the name MeetingEmployee. But we have already created “EMPLOYEE_MEETING”. To restrict the duplicate table creation, we are telling hibernate to not to create because its already created by “meetings”.

      Reply
  55. ali says:
    10 November, 2014, 2:21  

    Hi
    How save foreign key in employee table?
    thanks

    Reply
  56. mi says:
    17 November, 2014, 14:36  

    why is it that when you update the non owning entity .. then update the owning entity, the update on the non owning entity will not take effect ??
    is it because of the cascadetypes??
    what would be the appropriate cascade type for this kind of problem??
    should i use merge not update ??
    how ??

    Reply
  57. hgj says:
    28 December, 2014, 14:34  

    good article!

    Reply
  58. hgj says:
    28 December, 2014, 14:36  

    can any one tell how to the above application in a spring mvc application using hibernate

    Reply
  59. harsh says:
    19 January, 2015, 16:28  

    thankssss buddy

    Reply
  60. Nikhil says:
    19 February, 2015, 18:17  

    Thanks Viral Nice posts.

    Reply
  61. San says:
    18 March, 2015, 1:18  

    Viral, thank you very much for this post! It was just what I wanted!

    Reply
  62. Rakesh Kumar Maharana says:
    5 May, 2015, 15:28  

    Hi Viral…
    I have faced a issues while test one-many bi directional mapping .
    please assist what to do.

    Thank you.

    @Entity
    @Table(name=”customers”)
    public class Customer
    {

    // One Customer can place many order
    // One order belongs to one custmer

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
    @Column(name=”cid”)
    int cid;

    @Column(name=”cname”)
    String cname;

    @Column(name=”email”)
    String email;

    @Column(name=”dob”)
    Date dob;

    @Column(name=”phone”)
    Long phone;

    @OneToMany(mappedBy=”customer”)
    Set orders;

    @Entity
    @Table(name=”orders”)
    public class Order {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
    @Column(name=”orderId”)
    int orderId;

    @Column(name=”totalQty”)
    int totalQty;

    @Column(name=”totalCost”)
    Double totalCost;

    @Column(name=”orderDate”)
    Date orderDate;

    @Column(name=”status”)
    String status;

    @JoinColumn(name=”cid”, referencedColumnName=”cid”)
    Customer customer;

    Ecception :
    ———————————

    org.hibernate.MappingException: Could not determine type for: anno.association.mapping.one2many.bidirectional.Customer, for columns: [org.hibernate.mapping.Column(customer)]
    at org.hibernate.mapping.SimpleValue.getType(SimpleValue.java:266)
    at org.hibernate.mapping.SimpleValue.isValid(SimpleValue.java:253)
    at org.hibernate.mapping.Property.isValid(Property.java:185)
    at org.hibernate.mapping.PersistentClass.validate(PersistentClass.java:410)
    at org.hibernate.mapping.RootClass.validate(RootClass.java:192)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.validate(Configuration.java:1026)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration.buildSessionFactory(Configuration.java:1211)
    at org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration.buildSessionFactory(AnnotationConfiguration.java:915)
    at anno.association.mapping.one2many.bidirectional.HibernateUtilAnno.(HibernateUtilAnno.java:15)
    at anno.association.mapping.one2many.bidirectional.CMLab27.main(CMLab27.java:19)
    java.lang.NullPointerException
    at anno.association.mapping.one2many.bidirectional.CMLab27.main(CMLab27.java:20)

    Reply
  63. Arya says:
    15 September, 2015, 0:51  

    why declaring private Set employees? (Is this here only to indicate the relationship specified?)
    I tried to get the employees in the department variable, but it returned null,

    Reply
  64. suresh says:
    22 December, 2015, 16:37  

    mast likha hain VIRAL bhai. your blogs are really getting viral

    Reply
  65. suresh says:
    22 December, 2015, 17:02  

    sir both table carry department_id as column so it is bit confusinf can u make it as fk_department_id in the other table

    Reply
  66. swathi says:
    4 February, 2016, 12:12  

    How to remove relationship after declaring it, without effecting the other programs?

    Reply
  67. Bipin says:
    8 February, 2016, 23:35  

    Hi, Here is Named query made to fetch track .
    {
    “SELECT t FROM Track t LEFT JOIN FETCH t.metadata tm WHERE t.id= :id AND tm.userID = :userID”
    }

    In Track entity i am having metadata list with @OneToMany relationship with join table inbetween name = tracks_metadata_join.

    {
    //TrackMetadata

    @OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, fetch = FetchType.LAZY, targetEntity=TrackMetadata.class, orphanRemoval = true)

    @JoinTable(name = “tracks_metadata_join”, joinColumns = { @JoinColumn(name = “track_id”,

    referencedColumnName = “id”, table = “tracks”) }, inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(

    name = “track_metadata_id”, referencedColumnName = “id”, table = “tracks_metadata”))

    @JsonProperty

    private List metadata = new ArrayList();
    }

    The result of above query is Track with all it’s all metadata, But i want Track with particular metadata. like user specific.
    Thanks!

    Reply
  68. santosh says:
    14 July, 2016, 11:26  

    Thanks for nice and clear explanation.

    Reply
  69. aditi says:
    6 September, 2016, 17:54  

    Very Simple and Clear Explanation, Thanks for posting like this viral

    Reply
  70. Rohit says:
    25 October, 2016, 15:54  

    How passport is the OWNER of the bidirectional relationship? Check the text as “In our case, this is passport”

    Reply
  71. domkat says:
    21 March, 2017, 15:45  

    Hello, I have been following your tutorials. i get a java.lang. stackoverflowerror error each time i run an update. i am using hibernate and spring. do you have a solution to it? thanks

    Reply
  72. rk13 says:
    11 April, 2018, 18:03  

    As per your example suppose I want to show or display employee first name, last name, and their department name so how I can write that query in HQL format

    Reply
  73. Arun Singh says:
    26 July, 2019, 16:13  

    This is the best example across many other sites and works correctly but the entities department-employee cannot hold 1-n relationship, they always have n-n relationship.

    Reply

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